Apa itu kanker?
Kanker adalah kondisi medis serius yang ditandai oleh pertumbuhan sel-sel tubuh yang tidak terkendali, Ini dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada organ dan jaringan di tubuh, mengganggu fungsi normal mereka. Selain itu, kanker juga dapat menyebar ke bagian tubuh lainnya melalui proses yang disebut metastasis.
Kanker dapat mengakibatkan dampak yang signifikan pada kualitas hidup seseorang dan memerlukan perawatan yang intensif. Dan dalam pengobatan kanker, terdapat berbagai metode yang digunakan seperti kemoterapi, radioterapi, dan pembeddahab bedah.
Kemoterapi adalah metode pengobatan kanker yang menggunakan agen kimiawi untuk menekan pertumbuhan sel kanker sedangkan Radioterapi menggunakan radiasi pengion untuk mematikan sel kanker dengan merusak DNA mereka(Vadila & Milvita, 2018). Pada beberapa kasus, pembedahan juga dilakukan untuk mengangkat tumor atau bagian yang terinfeksi kanker.
Ketiga metode ini memiliki tujuan yang sama, yaitu untuk menghentikan pertumbuhan dan penyebaran sel kanker dalam tubuh. Sebagai contoh, operasi digunakan untuk mengangkat tumor primer secara langsung dari organ yang terkena. Pada kasus tertentu, kemoterapi dan radioterapi dapat digunakan sebelum atau setelah operasi untuk mengurangi ukuran tumor atau mematikan sel-sel kanker yang tersisa.
Dan juga pada tahap tertentu pengobatan kanker, terapi utama digunakan untuk menekan dan mematikan sel kanker dalam tubuh. Oleh karena itu, adanya terapi tambahan juga diperlukan untuk menghilangkan sisa-sisa sel kanker yang mungkin belum terlihat secara mikroskopis.
Penggunaan metode terapeutik seperti kemoterapi dan radioterapi juga dapat memiliki efek samping pada sistem kekebalan tubuh, namun beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode-metode ini cenderung menurunkan kadar dan aktifitas imun tubuh, yang sebenarnya memiliki mekanisme untuk melawan sel kanker.
References :
- Vadila, M., & Milvita, D. (2018, April 2). Analisis Keluaran Berkas Elektron Pesawat Terapi LINAC Tipe Varian CX 6264 di Rumah Sakit Universitas Andalas. https://scite.ai/reports/10.25077/jfu.7.2.91-96.2018
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